• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a self-adhering vapor-permeable membrane for use on a building comprising a support permeable to air and water vapor and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer permeable to water. air and water vapor, and secured to the underside of said support; said membrane is remarkable in that it comprises gas bubbles trapped between the support and the adhesive layer.
    公开号:FR3039455A1
    申请号:FR1557428
    申请日:2015-07-31
    公开日:2017-02-03
    发明作者:Herve Durand；Herve Lluch；Alain Guillemet
    申请人:Adhex Technologies SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Self-adhesive permeable membrane and method for producing such a self-adhering permeable membrane
    Technical area
    The present invention relates to a self-adhesive membrane and permeable to air and water vapor and its manufacturing process. Such a membrane is intended for the field of construction of buildings and, more particularly, intended to be applied to walls and / or sub-roofs to control the flow of water vapor and air.
    State of the art
    In the field of building construction, it is well known that moisture problems in walls are attributed to two main mechanisms, namely the diffusion of water vapor and air leakage. Air leakage and the diffusion of water vapor through the walls can cause many disorders such as crumbling masonry, freezing pipes, condensation and ice accumulation in cavities. humidification of the insulators, rendering them inoperative and the growth of mold in particular.
    The uncontrolled movement of air and water vapor through the building envelope is caused by pressure differences produced by the wind. Air leakage can result from cracks or joints between structural and structural elements or through porous materials such as concrete blocks and porous insulation materials.
    In order to limit these moisture problems, it is customary to use barrier or vapor barrier films, such as a polyethylene film, to control the movement of water vapor in the building envelope. The vapor barrier film delays the diffusion of water through all the materials in the walls, the speed at which the water vapor migrates or diffuses through a material depending on two factors: the difference between the pressure of water vapor in the air inside the building and the pressure of water vapor in the air outside the building and the resistance of the materials present to the water migration by diffusion. Vapor barrier films provide greater resistance to water vapor diffusion than most other materials. Thus, polyethylene films of sufficient thickness are the most commonly used for this purpose; However, other materials such as aluminum foil or some paints or adhesives have also been used as vapor barriers.
    However, these vapor barrier films are not sufficient and it is necessary to associate an air barrier film therein to prevent outside air from entering the building. Indeed, moisture-laden air passing through an insulated cavity with a vapor barrier film can deposit a lot more moisture than the vapor barrier will be able to diffuse in the same amount of time.
    Thus, vapor-permeable air barrier films have been developed, such as the products sold under the name Blueskin® by the American company Bakor® consisting of an air-barrier membrane, permeable to water vapor, water-resistant and self-adhesive. These products correspond to the products described in the US Pat. No. 6,901,712 filed by the company Bakor® which describes a water vapor permeable air barrier film consisting of a sheet permeable to water vapor, obtained from polyethylene and modified polyolefins, on a surface of which an adhesive is applied in a non-continuous film.
    Although this type of vapor barrier film does not require attachment means for fixing said film on a wall or the like, the adhesive of these films is not permeable to air and water vapor so that it limits the water permeability of the film to only those portions of the film that do not have adhesive.
    In order to overcome this drawback, vapor barrier films having a continuous layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive which is permeable to water vapor have already been devised. This is notably the case of the international patent application WO 2009/127819, which describes a self-adhesive permeable membrane sheet, intended to be used in a building structure, which comprises a continuous layer of a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is permeable to pressure. , attached to a surface of a permeable membrane sheet. The membrane sheet is formed of a laminar structure comprising a spunbonded polypropylene layer, a meltblown polyester layer and a spunbond polypropylene layer and a base pressure sensitive adhesive layer. comprising an air permeability agent including a water-absorbent resin, polypropylene glycol and water and a crosslinking agent.
    This type of vapor barrier film nevertheless has the disadvantage of being expensive to manufacture and to present a permeance which degrades over time in particular. Permeability is the ability of a membrane or surface to pass water vapor.
    There is therefore a need for a vapor barrier film of simple and inexpensive design providing good constant permeance in time in particular.
    DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION One of the aims of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages by providing a vapor barrier film of simple and inexpensive design providing good constant permeance over time. For this purpose and in accordance with the invention, there is provided a self-adhesive vapor permeable membrane for use on a building, comprising a support permeable to air and water vapor and an adhesive layer sensitive to pressure, permeable to air and water vapor, and secured to the underside of said support; said membrane is remarkable in that it comprises gas bubbles trapped between the support and the adhesive layer
    It is well understood that, unlike the membranes of the prior art, the membrane according to the invention comprises an adhesive layer, continuous, permeable to air and water vapor composition simple and inexpensive, stable over time and providing the entire membrane with constant permeance over time.
    Preferably, said gas bubbles have a diameter smaller than the thickness of said adhesive layer.
    Furthermore, preferably, the gas bubbles have a diameter less than or equal to 50 μm and the adhesive layer has a thickness less than or equal to 200 μm, and preferably a thickness of 130 μm.
    In addition, the adhesive layer has a basis weight of between 100 and 160 g / m 2 and, preferably, a basis weight of 130 g / m 2.
    Said adhesive layer is preferably obtained in a polar pressure sensitive adhesive, preferably crosslinked, and preferably acrylic.
    Preferably, said adhesive is a UV-crosslinked and tackified acrylic hotmelt adhesive.
    In addition, the support consists of a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) film, a micro-perforated polypropylene (PP) film, a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film, and a polyethylene (PE) film. ) loaded and stretched, a loaded and stretched polypropylene (PP) film, a loaded and stretched polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film, a polyether-based extruded polyurethane (TPU) thermoplastic film, a breathable thermoplastic film based on polyurethane and polyether-block amide base, a polyamide 6-6 film (PA 6-6) or a combination of said films.
    Alternatively, said support is a nonwoven support based on synthetic fibers selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) or a combination thereof.
    Furthermore, said support preferably consists of a laminar film comprising at least: - an upper layer consisting of a polypropylene nonwoven film, - a lower layer consisting of a nonwoven polypropylene film, and a central layer s' extending between the upper and lower layers and made of a breathable film.Another subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane for use on a building, comprising a support permeable to air and water vapor and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, permeable to air and water vapor, and integral with the underside of said support; said method is notable in that it comprises a step of depositing a pressure sensitive adhesive layer permeable to air and water vapor by trapping gas bubbles between the support and the adhesive layer.
    Preferably, said gas bubbles trapped between the support and the adhesive layer have a diameter smaller than the thickness of said adhesive layer.
    According to a first variant of the method according to the invention, the step of depositing the adhesive layer consists at least in the following steps of: depositing an acrylic adhesive on a silicone protective film, crosslinking the adhesive, and - transfer of the adhesive on the support.
    According to a second variant of the method according to the invention, the step of depositing the adhesive layer consists of depositing an acrylic adhesive on the support.
    Preferably, the air bubbles have a diameter less than or equal to 50 μm and the adhesive layer has a thickness less than or equal to 200 μm, and preferably a thickness of 130 μm.
    Furthermore, the adhesive layer has a basis weight of between 100 and 160 g / m 2 and, preferably, a basis weight of 130 g / m 2.
    Said adhesive layer is preferably obtained in a polar pressure sensitive adhesive, preferably crosslinked, and preferably acrylic.
    Preferably, said adhesive is a UV-crosslinked and tackified acrylic hotmelt adhesive.
    In addition, the support consists of a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) film, a micro-perforated polypropylene (PP) film, a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film, and a polyethylene (PE) film. ) loaded and stretched, a loaded and stretched polypropylene (PP) film, a loaded and stretched polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film, a polyether-based extruded polyurethane (TPU) thermoplastic film, a breathable thermoplastic film based on polyurethane and polyether-block amide base, a polyamide 6-6 film (PA 6-6) or a combination of said films.
    Alternatively, said support is a nonwoven support based on synthetic fibers selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) or a combination thereof.
    Furthermore, said support preferably consists of a laminar film comprising at least: - an upper layer consisting of a polypropylene nonwoven film, - a lower layer consisting of a polypropylene nonwoven film, and - a core layer. extending between the upper and lower layers and consisting of a breathable film.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description, from several alternative embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, of the self-adhesive membrane and its method of manufacture according to the invention. invention, from the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a vapor barrier film according to the invention - Figure 2 is a top view of the vapor barrier film according to the invention FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the production line for implementing the method of manufacturing the vapor barrier film according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the production line for the implementation of implementation of an alternative embodiment of the method of manufacturing the vapor barrier film according to the invention.
    Embodiment of the invention
    For the sake of clarity, in the remainder of the description, the same elements have been designated by the same references in the various figures. In addition, the various views are not drawn to scale.
    Hereinafter will be described a self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane and its manufacturing method particularly intended for the construction of buildings; However, it is obvious that the membrane according to the invention will find many other applications without departing from the scope of the invention.
    With reference to FIG. 1, the water-vapor permeable membrane according to the invention consists of a support 1 that is permeable to air and to water vapor and an adhesive layer 2 that is sensitive to pressure and permeable to air and water vapor, and secured to the underside of said support 1. Said support 1 consists of a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) film, a micro-perforated polypropylene (PP) film, a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film, a loaded and stretched polyethylene (PE) film, a loaded and stretched polypropylene (PP) film, a polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film loaded and stretched, a polyether-based extruded polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU) film, a polyurethane breathable thermoplastic film and a polyether-block amide base, a polyamide 6-6 film (PA 6-6) or a combination of said films. The extruded polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU) film based on polyether may consist, for example, of a TPU film marketed by Epurex Films of Bayer Company in the Walopur® or Platilon range (ref 2201 AU, for example). Furthermore, the breathable thermoplastic film based on polyurethane and polyether-block amide base may consist for example of a film marketed by the company Epurex films Bayer company in the range Walotex® or Pebatex® (ref 2202 AC and ref M2234 by example).
    Alternatively, the support 1 may consist of a nonwoven support based on synthetic fibers chosen from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) or a combination thereof . Said nonwoven support may be obtained by any method well known to those skilled in the art, such as so-called dry methods or so-called wet methods. For example, the nonwoven support may be obtained by the so-called "spunbond" dry process comprising two main steps, a first extrusion and creation step (spun) and a fiber binding or consolidation step (bond ), or by the so-called "ugly air" dry process which involves feeding and passing the fibers through perforated rotating cylinders or dispensing systems to form a web on a conveyor belt by means of a crate. distribution located above a canvas with vacuum system incorporated below the canvas. Alternatively, the nonwoven support may be obtained by the so-called "wetlaid" wet process in which the fibers used are dispersed, triturated and then diluted with a very large amount of water to form a paste containing 0.1 to 0, 25 g / 1. dry material, then said pulp is sent on a drainage web of a formation unit for carrying out the formation of the fibrous mat or veil by a submerged formation, and finally a draining of water on suction boxes.
    According to a preferred embodiment, with reference to FIG. 1, said support 1 consists of a laminar film, ie a multilayer film, comprising three layers, an upper layer 3 consisting of a non-woven polypropylene film, a lower layer 4 consists of a non-woven polypropylene film, and a central layer 5 extending between the upper 3 and lower 4 layers and consisting of a breathable film, said breathable film may consist of any of the previously described films.
    In addition, the adhesive layer 2 consists of a UV crosslinked hot-melt acrylic adhesive and has a weight per unit area of between 100 and 160 g / m 2 and, preferably, a basis weight of 130 g / m 2. This adhesive layer 2 has a thickness less than or equal to 200 μm, and preferably a thickness of 130 μm. Said adhesive layer 2 is obtained in a pressure sensitive adhesive, preferably polar, and preferably crosslinked. Furthermore, said adhesive is preferably based on acrylic. For example, said adhesive may consist of a solvent-phase self-crosslinking acrylic adhesive marketed by Henkel Corporation under the reference LOCTITE DURO-TAK 222A, LOCTITE DURO-TAK 1847, LOCTITE DURO-TAK 737, LOCTITE DURO-TAK 3954, DUROTAK 380-1053, or by the company AV Chemie under the reference Polytex SP 2085.
    More precisely, said adhesive may consist of a self-crosslinking acrylic adhesive in a solvent phase based on acrylate copolymers (carboxylated copolymers based on acrylic esters) obtained by the polymerization of acrylic monomers such as: methyl acrylate, acrylate ethyl, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, or the like. The crosslinking may be obtained by adding any crosslinking agent well known to those skilled in the art such as a metal chellate or acetylacetonate = tris (2,4-pentanedionato-0,0 ') aluminum, for example.
    It will be observed that the viscosity and the rheological behavior of the adhesive can easily be adjusted by the aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent systems, such as alcoholic solvents (methanol, ethanol, propanol 2), ketone solvents (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pentane, 2,4 dione,), aromatic solvents (toluene), cyclic aliphatic solvents (cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane), aliphatic solvents (hexane and isomers, n-heptane, octane and isomers) to obtain a Brookfield viscosity between 1000 mPa.s and 50000 mPa.s (LVT 3/12 rpm).
    Preferably, said adhesive is a UV-crosslinked acrylic hotmelt adhesive marketed by the company Basf under the Ac Resin® range, tackified or not with tackifying resins of the type of hydrogenated rosin esters (Forai 105e reference sold by the company Eastman) or resins hydrocarbon-based resins such as the resins marketed by Eastman under the reference Kristalex F85.
    Incidentally, in order to protect the adhesive layer 2, the membrane according to the invention comprises a silicone protective film 6 or the like
    In addition, with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, said membrane comprises gas bubbles 7 trapped between the laminar film 1 and the adhesive layer 2, said gas bubbles 7 having a diameter smaller than the thickness of said adhesive layer 2. Preferably, said gas bubbles 7 have a diameter less than or equal to 50 μηι. It will be observed that the adhesive layer 2 has a simple and inexpensive composition, stable over time, and provides the entire membrane with constant permeation over time. The gas bubbles 7 form a buffer in which the excess water vapor can be stored and then released over time through the adhesive layer 2. It will be observed that the gas contained in the bubbles is preferably air; however, it goes without saying that said gas may consist in any neutral and / or inert gas, for example, without departing from the scope of the invention.
    With reference to FIG. 3, the membrane according to the invention is manufactured from a non-woven polypropylene film 10 forming the lower layer 3 of the laminar film 1 on which a breathable film 11 forming the central layer 5 is deposited, then a non-woven polypropylene film 12 forming the upper layer 4 of the laminar film 1 is deposited on the breathable film 11. A layer 2 of a vapor-permeable adhesive composition is deposited on a silicone protective film 13, and then said adhesive layer 2 is crosslinked before being applied to the underside of the lower layer 3 by trapping air bubbles between said lower layer 3 and the adhesive layer 2. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will adapt the composition of the adhesive layer and the pressure exerted during the application of the adhesive layer 2 on the lower layer 3 to avoid the expulsion of air during the transfer of the adhesive layer s said lower layer 3.
    According to an alternative embodiment, with reference to FIG. 4, the membrane according to the invention is manufactured from a nonwoven polypropylene film 12 forming the upper layer 4 of the laminar film 1 on which a breathable film 11 is deposited. forming the central layer 5, then a polypropylene nonwoven film 10 forming the lower layer 3 of the laminar film 1 is deposited on the breathable film 11. A layer 2 of a vapor-permeable adhesive composition is deposited on the upper face of the lower layer 3 and then a silicone protective film 13 is deposited on the adhesive layer 2. Note that the skilled person will adjust the viscosity and temperature of the adhesive composition to avoid the expulsion of air during the deposition of the adhesive layer 2 to allow the formation of air bubbles between the lower layer 3 and the adhesive layer 2.
    Finally, it is obvious that the examples that have just been given are only particular illustrations in no way limiting as to the fields of application of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane for use on a building comprising a breathable and water vapor-permeable support and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer permeable to air and water vapor, and secured to the underside of said support characterized in that it comprises gas bubbles trapped between the support and the adhesive layer.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to claim 1 characterized in that said gas bubbles have a diameter smaller than the thickness of said adhesive layer.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the gas bubbles have a diameter less than or equal to 50 .mu.m.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the adhesive layer has a thickness less than or equal to 200 .mu.m.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to claim 4 characterized in that the adhesive layer has a thickness of 130 pm.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adhesive layer has a basis weight of between 100 and 160 g / m2 and, preferably, a basis weight of 130 g / m2.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the adhesive layer is obtained in a tackified UV-crosslinked acrylic hot-melt adhesive.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the support consists of a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) film, a polypropylene film (PP) micro -perforated, a micro-perforated polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene (PP) copolymer film, a loaded and stretched polyethylene (PE) film, a polypropylene (PP) film loaded and stretched, a polyethylene (PE) / polypropylene copolymer film (PP) loaded and stretched, a polyether-based extruded polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU) film, a polyurethane-based breathable thermoplastic film and a polyether-block amide base, a polyamide 6-6 film (PA 6-6) or a combination said films.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that said support is a non-woven support based on synthetic fibers selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene ( PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) or a combination thereof.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the support consists of a laminar film comprising at least: an upper layer consisting of a non-woven film, polypropylene, - a lower layer consisting of a nonwoven polypropylene film, and - a central layer extending between the upper and lower layers and consisting of a breathable film.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    A method of making a self-adhesive water vapor permeable membrane for use on a building comprising a breathable and water vapor permeable substrate and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer. pressure, permeable to air and water vapor, and secured to the underside of said support characterized in that it comprises a step of depositing a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer permeable to air and by steam trapping gas bubbles between the support and the adhesive layer, said gas bubbles having a diameter less than the thickness of said adhesive layer.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. The method of claim 11 characterized in that the step of depositing the adhesive layer comprises at least in the following steps of: deposition of an acrylic adhesive on a silicone protective film, - crosslinking of the adhesive, and transfer of the adhesive onto the support.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The method of claim 11 characterized in that the step of depositing the adhesive layer consists of hot depositing an acrylic adhesive on the support.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3039455B1|2020-10-09|
    WO2017021140A1|2017-02-09|
    US20180118981A1|2018-05-03|
    CA2987840A1|2017-02-09|
    EP3328633A1|2018-06-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2004051019A1|2002-12-03|2004-06-17|Bakor Inc.|Self-adhering vapor permeable air and moisture barrier membrane|
    WO2004082932A1|2003-03-14|2004-09-30|Avery Dennison Corporation|Housewrap|
    WO2009127819A1|2008-04-14|2009-10-22|A. Proctor Group Limited|Adhesive membrane|
    CA2141924C|1994-03-02|2003-08-19|Michael J. Sinn|Method of making pressure sensitive adhesive tape rolls with a transparent to the core appearance|
    CA2413550C|2002-12-03|2009-01-20|Bakor Inc.|Self-adhering vapor permeable air and moisture barrier membrane|
    US7255920B2|2004-07-29|2007-08-14|3M Innovative Properties Company|acrylate block copolymer pressure sensitive adhesives|
    JP5893881B2|2011-09-26|2016-03-23|日東電工株式会社|Method for producing optical film pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, optical film pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film, and image display device|
    EP3036099B1|2013-09-18|2019-03-13|Firestone Building Products Co., LLC|Peel and stick roofing membranes with cured pressure-sensitive adhesives|US10062371B2|2016-11-21|2018-08-28|Milliken & Company|Nonwoven composite|
    US11105099B2|2018-01-08|2021-08-31|Low & Bonar Inc.|Extruded mat|
    DE102018207850B4|2018-05-18|2020-06-18|Tesa Se|Die cut for permanent closing of holes|
    CN110845972B|2019-11-29|2022-01-18|常州市白鹭电器有限公司|High-function self-adhesive film for refrigerator door body and preparation method thereof|
    法律状态:
    2016-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-02-03| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170203 |
    2017-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1557428A|FR3039455B1|2015-07-31|2015-07-31|SELF-ADHESIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A SELF-ADHESIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE|FR1557428A| FR3039455B1|2015-07-31|2015-07-31|SELF-ADHESIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A SELF-ADHESIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE|
    PCT/EP2016/067184| WO2017021140A1|2015-07-31|2016-07-19|Self-adhesive pervious membrane and method for manufacturing such a self-adhesive pervious membrane|
    US15/578,675| US20180118981A1|2015-07-31|2016-07-19|Self-Adhesive Pervious Membrane and Method for Manufacturing such a Self-Adhesive Pervious Membrane|
    EP16741613.0A| EP3328633A1|2015-07-31|2016-07-19|Self-adhesive pervious membrane and method for manufacturing such a self-adhesive pervious membrane|
    CA2987840A| CA2987840A1|2015-07-31|2016-07-19|Self-adhesive pervious membrane and method for manufacturing such a self-adhesive pervious membrane|
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